BEST Demat Account In India

 

What is Demat Account?

Demat account is also known as a Dematerialized account. The primary use of Demat account is to hold shares and securities in electronic format. It helps you in online trading like buying or selling shares, or converting physical shares into electronic form.

What is the difference between trading account and Demat account?

A Demat account comes with a trading account linked to it, with unique login credentials. So, you will need to use the trading account for transacting and investing in stocks. Demant account holds all the purchased shares while trading account helps you sell and purchase the securities.

Which banks in India offer Demat account?

All large banks in India offer demat account. This includes SBI, PNB, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Yes Bank, Axis Bank. Demat account is an account where you hold the shares of the company in electronic format. They are similar to a bank account but instead of keeping money, we keep shares, mutual funds, bonds, ETFs, etc. in demat account.

who is discount brokers?

A discount broker is technically someone who assists you in trading with the stock exchange and lets you buy or sell shares but at an immensely less brokerage amount as compared to the other stockbrokers.

HDD vs SDD

What is the difference between SSD vs HDD?

The basic difference between SSD and HDD is that Solid State Drive stores the data in integrated circuits and a Hard Disk Drive stores data magnetically, through spinning disks. They can also be compared in terms of their speed, adaptability, technical modernity, and user experience.

Why do SSD's read data faster than HDD's?

Traditional HDDs have dishes that rotates continuously to access the information you need. This results to a slower data reading especially if the data is not located continuously. On SSDs, this does not happen anymore as it uses different internal parts that can read data faster compared to HDDs.

What makes SSD's so powerful?

Techniques such as Log structured data formats that makes writes sequential, which SSD’s really prefer, have let us interface the system with the SSD in a really powerful way. This forced new things like garbage collection into the diskdrive world

Why are SSD's so expensive?

When SSDs were first available on the market, they were very expensive compared to traditional HDDs in a couple of ways: They started out at higher costs regardless of capacity, but also priced per megabyte or gigabyte.
Main SSD Types

2.5-inch SSD: This is a standard form factor for SSD that can fit the inside drive bay of most PCs or desktop computers. As most users replace the hard drives with SSDs, the 2.5-inch drive becomes a standard for all mechanical drives and SSDs. With 2.5-inch SSD, you don’t have to replace the connecting interface cables. And you can transit to a better performance drive with ease.

mSATA SSD: Compared with 2.5-inch form factor, this is a smaller one. The size of a mSATA SSD is about one-eight size of a 2.5-inch drive. It can be plugged into the mSATA socket on the motherboard of the computer. Generally speaking, mSATA drives are utilized in very thin and small devices or used as a secondary drive for desktops.

M.2 SSD: This is the smallest form factor for SSD, which as small as a stick of gum. M.2 SSDs can connect to the motherboard with the help of an M.2 socket. This kind of SSD is built for small tablets and ultra-books.

PCIe 4.0 NVME SSD: It describes the NVMe SSDs that support the PCIe 4.0 motherboard interface. The PCIe NVMe SSD offers higher input/output operations per second and consumes less power.

What does an SSD do for gaming?

If you install an SSD on a computer for playing games, the load times will be reduced sharply. This is because the data transfer speed of SSD is rather high. The SSD can also reduce hitching occurring when you open games. Given to that fact, plenty of users install SSD for gaming.

What is the drawback of SSD?

• Cost. The primary disadvantage of using a SSD is its cost.
• Storage Space. The storage space offered by a SSD is limited to certain values. The base storage capacity of a SSD is 128GB.
• Availability. Considering the availability of a SSD, they are less abundant in the market. Comparing to a HDD, SSDs are harder to find and expensive piece of devices.
• Lifespan. The flash memories those are used in SSDs are limited to certain number of writes. Because of this the lifecycles present in a SSD is limited.
• Data Recovery. In the event of a data deletion on a SSD, it is almost impossible to recover the data back.

Counter Ticket Cancellation Procedure

https://www.operations.irctc.co.in/ctcan/SystemTktCanLogin.jsf

1. Enter PNR Number, Train number along with Captcha.

1. Select check box to confirm that rules and procedure are read.

1. After click on submit an OTP will be sent on mobile number given at the time of booking, enter the received OTP and click submit.

1. After the OTP is validated PNR details will be displayed on the screen.

1. After verifying the details Click on ‘Cancel Ticket’ for full cancellation. Refund amount due will be displayed on the screen.

1. An SMS will be sent with PNR and refund details. Sample format: “Your PNR xxxxxxxxxx has been cancelled. Collect refund amt xxxxx from journey commencing station or nearby satellite PRS locations. Ref. Terms & conditions”

1. For tickets cancelled (including return journey tickets) before 24 hours of scheduled train departure time:

• Refund of fare as permissible can be collected on submission of original PRS counter ticket from any PRS counter of Indian Railways upto 4 hours before the scheduled departure time of the train in case of confirmed tickets and upto thirty minutes before the scheduled departure time of train in case of RAC/waitlisted tickets.

1. For tickets cancelled (including return journey tickets) between 24 hours and upto 4 hours for the confirmed tickets and upto thirty minutes for RAC/waitlisted tickets before the scheduled departure time: Refund of cancelled PRS counter tickets through IRCTC website or 139 at present is permitted only at the journey commencing station or nearby satellite PRS locations by surrendering original journey ticket. Please check the convenience of collecting refund from journey commencing station before cancelling your ticket

• During first two hours of the opening of PRS counters on the next day for the tickets for the trains whose scheduled departure as under:- time is (i) between 1801 hours and 0600 hours.

• Upto 4 hours after the scheduled departure of the train during the working hours of PRS counters/current counters/special counters where cancellation is permitted round the clock on the tickets for the trains whose scheduled departure time is (i) between 0601 hours and 1800 hours.

Counter Ticket Cancellation Rules
This may be applicable only in case valid mobile number has been given at the time of booking.
Cancellation of tickets and refund of fare may be permitted for PRS counter tickets in normal circumstances only and not in case of late running of trains/cancellation of train etc.
Online cancellation shall be permitted only upto 4 hours before the scheduled departure of the train if ticket is fully confirmed.
Online cancellation shall be permitted only upto 30 minutes before the scheduled departure of the train if ticket is RAC/Waitlist.
For tickets cancelled (including return journey tickets) before 24 hours of scheduled train departure time:
Refund of fare as permissible can be collected on submission of original PRS counter ticket from any PRS counter of Indian Railways upto 4 hours before the scheduled departure time of the train in case of confirmed tickets and upto thirty minutes before the scheduled departure time of train in case of RAC/waitlisted tickets.
For tickets cancelled (including return journey tickets) between 24 hours and upto 4 hours for the confirmed tickets and upto thirty minutes for RAC/waitlisted tickets before the scheduled departure time: Refund of cancelled PRS counter tickets through IRCTC website or 139 at present is permitted only at the journey commencing station or nearby satellite PRS locations by surrendering original journey ticket. Please check the convenience of collecting refund from journey commencing station before cancelling your ticket
During first two hours of the opening of PRS counters on the next day for the tickets for the trains whose scheduled departure as under:- time is (i) between 1801 hours and 0600 hours.
Upto 4 hours after the scheduled departure of the train during the working hours of PRS counters/current counters/special counters where cancellation is permitted round the clock on the tickets for the trains whose scheduled departure time is (i) between 0601 hours and 1800 hours.
Passenger details (Viz.name, age, gender, booking status, current status) and journey details will be displayed on the website.
Once the passenger confirms full cancellation of PNR will be done and PNR will be marked as Cancelled but not refunded in the system. Seat/berth will be released. Refund amount due will also be displayed to the passenger on website
All the privilege/duty pass/PTOs/complimentary pass tickets may be allowed to be cancelled through website. In the case of pass zero refund is permissible however, for validity of the pass for fresh booking the passenger shall approach the counter to get the pass re-validated by marking the same cancelled against the earlier booked tickets as per prescribed rule.
PTO’s tickets are issued on 1/3rd of the total basic fares and normal cancellation charge is applicable in these tickets also. Therefore in many cases ticket value on PTOs is less than the cancellation charges therefore passengers may or may not cancel the tickets therefore cancellation across IRCTC website may be allowed in the case of PTOs also.
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TDR (Ticket Deposit Receipt) Rules

What is TDR ( IRCTC / Indian Railways Refund)?
TDR (Ticket Deposit Receipt)is process of claiming refund for the booked ticket from Indian Railways (IRCTC). The refund process will take at-least 60 days and more.

When I can submit TDR?
TDR filing Reason & Refund Eligibility as per Railway Refund Rules

Train Cancelled
If Train cancelled, Full Refund will be processed automatically in the same account through which the payment was made at the time of booking.

Train Late More Than 3 Hours and Passenger Not Travelled.
TDR shall be filed before the actual departure of the train for availing full refund

Difference Of Fare In Case proper Coach Not Attached and passenger has to travel in lower class
TDR shall be filed within 2 days of the date of issue of the certificate(excluding the day of issue of the certificate) and the original certificate (GC/EFT) issued by the ticket checking staff is to be sent through post to IRCTC.

AC Failure.
TDR shall be filed within 20 hours of actual arrival of the train at passenger’s destination and the original certificate (GC/EFT) issued by the ticket checking staff is to be sent through post to IRCTC.

Excess fare Charged BY TTE
TDR shall be filed upto 72 hours of actual arrival of the train at passenger’s destination and the original certificate (GC/EFT) issued by the ticket checking staff is to be sent through post to IRCTC.

Party Partially Travelled.
TDR shall be filed upto 72 hours of actual arrival of the train at passenger’s destination and the original certificate (GC/EFT) issued by the ticket checking staff is to be sent through post to IRCTC.

Passenger Not Travelled.
No refund of fare shall be admissible on the ticket having confirmed reservation in case ticket is not cancelled or TDR not filed online upto four hours before the scheduled departure of the train. No refund of fare shall be admissible on RAC etickets in case the ticket is not cancelled or TDR not filed online upto thirty minutes before the scheduled departure of the train.

Train Diverted And Passenger Not Travelled.
TDR shall be filed upto 72 hours of schedule departure of the train at passenger’s Boarding station.

Train Diverted And Train Not Touching Boarding Station.
TDR shall be filed upto 72 hours of schedule departure of the train at passenger’s Boarding station.

Train Diverted And Train Not Touching Destination Station.
TDR shall be filed upto 72 hours of schedule departure of the train at passenger’s Boarding station.

Passenger Not Travelled Due To Ticket In RAC After Chart Preparation.
No refund of fare shall be admissible on RAC etickets in case the ticket is not cancelled or TDR not filed online upto thirty minutes before the scheduled departure of the train.

Train Terminated Short Of Destination.
TDR shall be filed upto 72 hours of schedule arrival of the train at passenger’s destination and the original certificate (GC/EFT) issued by the ticket checking staff is to be sent through post to IRCTC.

Party Partially Confirmed/Waitlisted And Waitlisted Passengers Did Not Travel.
TDR shall be filed upto 72 hours of actual arrival of the train at passenger’s destination and the original certificate (GC/EFT) issued by the ticket checking staff is to be sent through post to IRCTC.

Party Partially Confirmed/Waitlisted And All Passengers Did Not Travel.
No refund shall be granted on reserved/RAC/waitlisted ticket if it is TDR filed after thirty minutes before scheduled departure of the train.

Party Could Not Cancel Because Chart Prepared At Originating Or Previous Remote Location.
No refund of fare shall be admissible on the ticket having confirmed reservation in case ticket is not cancelled or TDR not filed online upto four hours before the scheduled departure of the train. No refund of fare shall be admissible on RAC etickets in case the ticket is not cancelled or TDR not filed online upto thirty minutes before the scheduled departure of the train.

Change In Reservation Status From Confirmed To Waitlisted/Part Waitlisted/RAC After Chart Preparation.
No refund shall be granted on RAC ticket or waitlisted ticket after thirty minutes before the scheduled departure of the train.

After Charting No Room Provided.
TDR shall be filed within 3 hours of actual departure of the train at passengers Boarding station.

Difference Of Fare As Passenger Travelled In Lower Class.
TDR shall be filed within 2 Days of the date of issue of the certificate(excluding the day of issue of the certificate) and the original certificate (GC/EFT) issued by the ticket checking staff is to be sent through post to IRCTC.

Passenger Not Travelled.

How do I file a TDR for Train tickets booked through IRTCTC?
TDR Filing Details:

Login to your IRCTC Account.
Click to Booked Ticket History.
List of tickets where date of Journey has elapsed.
Select PNR for which TDR is to be filed and click "File TDR" Button.
Select the passenger name from the ticket details for claiming TDR refund.
Select the reason form list box or type the reason if you select others.
Click Submit Button.
If Selected "Other" option new text box will open.
Customer can fill the details of reason and then click Submit button.
Confirmation will be show for completing filing TDR.
If details are confirmed clik "OK" in alert window.
Your TDR has been Filed Successfully.
TDR Entry Confirmation page will be show PNR Number, Transanction ID, Reference number, TDR Status, Reason.
How do I file a TDR for tickets booked through Paytm / Makemytrip / Cleartrip / Yatra?
When your Train ticket booked through Paytm / Makemytrip / Cleartrip / Yatra, you can follow these procedure.

Login to your IRCTC Account.
Click to Booked Ticket History.
List of tickets where date of Journey has elapsed.
Select PNR for which TDR is to be filed and click "File TDR" Button.
Select the passenger name from the ticket details for claiming TDR refund.
Select the reason form list box or type the reason if you select others.
Click Submit Button.
If Selected "Other" option new text box will open.
Customer can fill the details of reason and then click Submit button.
Confirmation will be show for completing filing TDR.
If details are confirmed clik "OK" in alert window.
Your TDR has been Filed Successfully.
TDR Entry Confirmation page will be show PNR Number, Transanction ID, Reference number, TDR Status, Reason.
How much percentage of ticket price is refunded if passenger not traveled under TDR refund scheme in railways?
It depends on the reason you have filed for the TDR. For example:

Once you filed a TDR for "Train late than 3 hours and passenger not travelled", got return in around 45 days (Full Refund of reservation cost)
Once you filed a TDR for "Ticket converted from wait list to RAC and passenger not travel", got refund in 7 days (Full money refunded :-))
Once for "AC not working properly " provided by the TTE in train itself, still waiting for my return (almost 1 year).
Basically your TDR application requires the approval of zonal manager, it differs in time depending on your reason and yes sometimes your TDR gets rejected also.

What is EFT detail in filing IRCTC TDR?
Excess fare ticket (EFT) (in original) issued by the TTE is must to claim for refund. In case of wrongly charged by the TTE-full refund will be granted by the Chief Commercial Manager/Refunds. Excess fare ticket (EFT) (in original) issued by the TTE is must to claim for refund.

What is CR registered status in IRCTC TDR?
'CR' stands for "Claim Refund" which means you can obtain a refund of a ticket on a journey not taken. You could also check back on the TDR status from time to time. If it shows Admin Approved, it means that your case is eligible for a refund as approved by the IRCTC Corporate/IRCTC Zonal Office.

Suppose I am unable to approach the concerned authorities, what do I do?
In exceptional circumstances you may obtain a Ticket Deposit Receipt (TDR) from the nearest major station within 3 (Three) days from the day of scheduled travel. You must then submit an application in the prescribed form (Printed on the back of TDR) to the Chief Commercial Manager (Refunds) of the Zonal Railway to which the Ticket Deposit Receipt-issuing station belongs.

This application must be submitted within 10 (Ten) days from the date of your journey. The refund offi cer will examine the case on merit and, if decided, refund will be sent to you by a Station Pay Order (to be encashed at station) or Money Order or Crossed Cheque.

Ticket Deposit Receipt (TDR) Rules in case of I-Ticket:-
Online refund request is not allowed for i-ticket.

Customers are requested to surrender the I-Ticket with the Station Master and obtain a Ticket Deposit Receipt (TDR) within 30 days from the date of scheduled travel.
Send your claim for refund to the following address attaching the original copy of the TDR to:
GGM(IT),
Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd.
1stFloor, Internet Ticketing Centre
IRCA Building, State Entry Road
New Delhi 110055.
The TDR Refund will be processed as per Extant Railway Rules:
IRCTC will forward the claim to Concerned Railways to process the refund and money of refund amount will be credited back to same account through which payment was made after receiving the same from the concerned Railways.
How long does it take to get IRCTC TDR refund?
The TDR Refund will be processed as per Extant Railway Rules. TDR should be filed before or within 30 minutes of the Departure of Train. The refund process will take at-least 60 days and more. E-ticket refund request (after chart preparation) can be filed online.

Ticket deposit receipt(TDR) Rules in case of E-Ticket:-
E-ticket refund request (after chart preparation) can be filed online.
The customers are requested to use the online TDR Filing & Status tracking service provided by IRCTC. Select the “File TDR” Link in the left panel under the “My Transactions” menu for filing TDR online IRCTC will forward the claim to Concerned Railways to process the refund and money of refund amount will be credited back to same account through which payment was made after receiving the same from the concerned Railways. In case of e-ticket the refund is processed by the Refund Office of the Zonal Railways in whose jurisdiction the destination station of the train falls.
Online File TDR option is not available for Agent. If ticket booked through Agent the refund request should routed through Agent only.
Whenever Agents received such a request from their customers they are required to send a mail to etickets@irctc.co.in containing following details.
Ticket Details:

PNR Number Transaction Id Train Number From To Date of Journey
1234567890 1000XXXXX 12345 NDLS BCT 01-Nov-2017
Passenger Details:

Sl No. Passenger Name Age Sex Reason for TDR
XX XXXXXX XXXXXX XX X XXXXXXXXXXXX
A part from above, the agent will give a declaration that he has obtained written request from the customer for refund. IRCTC will file TDR and forward the claim to Concerned Railways to process the refund and money of refund amount will be credited back to Agents account through which payment was made after receiving the same from the concerned Railways.

TDR Filing for Agent:-
The Authorized Agents of IRCTC cannot file TDRs online. They have to send a mail to IRCTC for filing TDR. The customers who have to claim refund against the tickets purchased through the Agents should approach to the concerned Agent for filing TDR. It should be kept in mind the Railways decide refund cases as per extent Railway Refund Rules. As such it should be ensure that the TDRs are filed within the prescribed time limits.

Whenever Agents receive such requests from their customers, they are required to send a mail to IRCTC at nominated e-mail id, provided by IRCTC through their registered e-mail id containing following details within prescribed time. If any TDR request is received at other than nominated email id or from other than registered e mail id, IRCTC shall not be entertain the same.

The agent will obtain written request from the customer for refund for record purpose as proof that the customer has preferred claim for refund.

The cases in which TDR are filed are decided by the Zonal Railway under whose jurisdiction the train destination falls. After receipt of the refund amount from the said Railway, refund amount will be credited back to same account of the Agent through which payment was made.

Procedure for Cancellation of E-Tickets

• e-Tickets can be cancelled on Internet at this website till Chart preparation of the train .Cancellations are not allowed at face to face Railway Counters. If the user wishes to cancel his e-Ticket, he can do so till the time of chart preparation for the train.For train starting up to 12 noon the chart preparation is usually done on the previous night. He can log on to www.services.irctc.co.in and go to "Booked Tickets" link and select the ticket to be cancelled and can initiate the cancellation by selecting the passengers to be cancelled. Cancellation would be confirmed online and the refund would be credited back to the account used for booking as for normal Internet tickets. If there is any partial cancellation of ticket, please ensure that a fresh e-reservation slip (Electronic Reservation Slip) is printed separately as done for the original ticket. To take you step by step and familiarize you with the procedure for canceling of e-tickets. 
• Cancellation of e-Tickets before chart preparation of the train:
  
  If a confirmed ticket is cancelled more than 48 hrs before the scheduled departure of the train, flat cancellation charges shall be deducted @ Rs.240/- for AC First Class/Executive Class, Rs.200/- for AC 2 Tier/First Class, Rs. 180 for AC 3 Tier/AC Chair car/ AC 3 Economy, Rs.120/- for Sleeper Class and Rs.60/- for Second Class. Cancellation charges are per passenger.
  
  If a confirmed ticket is cancelled within 48 hrs and up to 12 hours before the scheduled departure of the train, cancellation charges shall be 25% of the fare subject to the minimum flat rate mentioned in the above clause.
  
  Less than 12 hours and upto four hours before the scheduled departure of the train up to chart preparation which is earlier, 50% of the fare paid subject to the minimum cancellation charges. Note the Chart preparation time is the time for the chart preparation from the Train Originating Station or from the previous chart Preparation station.
• Cancellation of e-Tickets after the preparation of Reservation charts:
  
  For Normal User:- E-ticket cannot be cancelled after chart preparation. Users are requested to use the online TDR filing for such cases and track Status of the refund case through tracking service provided by IRCTC. TDR can be filed as per Railway rules:
• No refund of fare shall be admissible on the tickets having confirmed reservation in case the ticket is not cancelled or TDR not filed online upto four hours before the scheduled departure of the train.
• No refund of fare shall be admissible on RAC e-tickets is case the ticket is not cancelled or TDR not filed online upto thirty minutes before the scheduled departure of the train.
• In case, on a party e-ticket or a family e-ticket issued for travel of more than one passenger, some passengers have confirmed reservation and others are on RAC or waiting list, full refund of fare , less clerkage, shall be admissible for confirmed passengers also subject to the condition that the ticket shall be cancelled online or online TDR shall be filed for all the passengers upto thirty minutes before the scheduled departure of the train.

The online TDR shall be filed upto seventy two hours of actual arrival of the train at passenger’s destination and the original certificate issued by the ticket checking staff is to be sent through post to Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC).
For filing online TDR, select ""File Ticket Deposit Receipt (TDR)"" from menu ""Services"". For the ticket booked at old site, select ""Old Transaction History"" from menu ""My Transactions"" and after getting the password verified select ""File TDR"" link in the left panel under the "My Transactions" menu. IRCTC will forward the claim to Concerned Railways to process the refund and money of refund amount will be credited back to same account through which payment was made after receiving the same from the concerned Railways. For any other clarifications please mail to etickets@irctc.co.in

For Agents :- E-ticket cannot be cancelled after chart preparation. Whenever Agents received such a request from their customers they are required to send a mail to etickets@irctc.co.in containing following details.
PNR No.
Transaction ID :
Train No.
From:
To:
Date of journey:
S.No.
PASSENGER NAME
AGE
SEX
Reasons for Filing TDR
IRCTC will file TDR and forward the claim to Concerned Railways to process the refund and money of refund amount will be credited back to Agents account through which payment was made after receiving the same from the concerned Railways. For any other clarifications please mail to etickets@irctc.co.in"
• For Tatkal Tickets Booked as e-Tickets:
  
  No refund will be granted on cancellation of confirmed Tatkal tickets. For contingent cancellation and waitlisted Tatkal ticket cancellations, charges will be deducted as per existing Railway rules. Partial cancellation of Tatkal e-tickets is allowed.
• Cancellation of e-tickets in case of trains cancelled:
  
  If the train is marked as "CANCELLED" in PRS due to breaches, floods, accidents etc. full refund is permissible in case the ticket is cancelled within three days of the scheduled departure of the train. In case of e-tickets, such cancellations can be done by the customer through Internet.